Advance in receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase Q

Receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase Q (PTPRQ) is an unusual protein tyrosine phosphatase that has intrinsic dephosphorylating activity for various phosphatidylinositiol and phospho-tyrosine substrates, especially the phosphatidylinositol activity. Recent data show that PTPRQ has an important role in various biological processes and is associated with some diseases. In this article, the structure and function of PTPRQ and the relationship between PTPRQ and diseases were briefly summarized.     

Promoting effect of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A heavy chain on neuritogenesis in cultured Neuro-2a cells

AIM: To observe the neuritogenic actions of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A heavy chain (BoNT/A HC) on cultured Neuro-2a cells and to investigate the related signaling mechanisms for the effect of BoNT/A HC. METHODS: Neuro-2a cells were treated with different doses of BoNT/A HC (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 nmol/L), and then the cells were harvested at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of BoNT/A HC exposure for detecting the neurite length and the percen-tage of the cells with neuronal processes by immunofluorescence staining. The most efficient dose of BoNT/A HC was chosen for exposure to Neuro-2a cells as the above. Whole cell protein was harvested at different time points for detecting the protein levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) by Western blot. RESULTS: Low doses of BoNT/A HC stimulated the neurite outgrowth, and increased the percentage of the cells with neurites compared with the negative controls (P<0.05), especially in the group with 1 nmol/L of BoNT/A HC treatment. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt was increased after treated with BoNT/A HC. There was an increasing tendency for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after the exposure of the cells to BoNT/A HC. The obvious increase in p-ERK1/2 was seen from 60 min to 5 h with 1 nmol/L of BoNT/A HC treatment (P< 0.05), and the increased protein level of p-Akt was mainly observed at 15 min and 60 min (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: BoNT/A HC stimulates the neuritogenesis. The neuritogenic mechanism of BoNT/A HC on Neuro-2a cells might be realized by activation of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt.     

鄱阳湖水位特征与湿地生态保护

从分析江湖关系入手，研究鄱阳湖的水位及湿地生态特征，并提出人工控湖等加强湿地生态保护的对策建议。     

杉木的受害允许水平及粗鞘双条杉天牛防治策略研究

本文在９年生人工纯林中，采用固定标准地、固定标准株连续３年对树高、胸径实测的方法，计算并比较阌 害与末受害木材积及单位面积材积的 失。     

干旱胁迫对白桦实生幼苗叶片蛋白质的影响

The studies on leave protein of Betula platyphylla seedlings by the methods of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and dimensional gel electrophoresis was concerned. The result indicated that some new proteins such as 29kD pI4.3, 29kD pI4.2, 14kD pI5.3 and 11.5kD pI5.16 protein point were induced by soil drought stress, and some protein disappeared,for instance four protein between 12.4 - 11.5kD pI5.8 - 6.44 in seedlings leaves of B. platyphylla during soil drought stress.     

浅议贵州森林旅游的深层次开发

在分析旅游文化与贵州森林旅游深层次开发相互关系的基础上，结合贵州森林旅游业发展的实际情况，阐述了贵州森林旅游深层次开发的必要性和可行性，提出贵州森林旅游深层次开发的设想和保障措施。     

Plant diversity of secondary forests in response to anthropogenic disturbance levels in montane regions of northeastern China

The effects of anthropogenic disturbances on forest structure and plant diversity of secondary forest ecosystems were evaluated based on the classification by site factors in the montane regions of northeastern China. Forty-five sample plots containing 720 sub-plots of overstory species (8 m × 8 m), 1,440 quadrats of understory species (2 m × 2 m), and 1,440 quadrats of herbaceous layer species (1 m × 1 m) were clustered into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) by site variables with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Meanwhile, the disturbance levels corresponding to the five groups were determined according to the factors influencing human disturbances (D0-G2, D1-G1, D2-G3, D3-G5, and D4-G4). Species diversities of overstory, understory, herbaceous layer and overall species were evaluated using species number, Margalef index, Pielou index, Shannon–Wiener index, and Simpson index; and β-diversities (Whittaker index, Cody index). Basal area of stands exhibited a decreasing trend along the disturbance level due to a gradual increase in the extraction of timber by the human disturbances. The indices of species diversity suggested that overstory and understory species were distributed evenly among the groups or disturbance levels. There were no absolutely dominant tree species in the secondary forest ecosystems. The differences in site factors and the current disturbance intensities were not intense enough to lead to loose changes in overstory and understory species. The species diversity indices exhibited the maximum values at D3 (G5) for herbaceous layer species; this may suggest that the current disturbance intensities were intense enough to lead the changes of herbaceous layer species. Three rare and endangered species (Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica and Acanthopanax senticosus) were found within the secondary forests. These rare and endangered species appeared in each clustered group or disturbance level, which suggested that the current disturbance intensity in the study area was not strong enough to influence the distribution of rare and endangered species. The current disturbances in the secondary forests may not lead to a decrease in stability and complexity of the overstory and understory species, but the higher disturbance level may be intense enough to change the habitat fitness for the herbaceous species. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized authors.     

Concentration related responses of chlorpyriphos in antioxidant, anaerobic and protein synthesizing machinery of the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis

Impacts of chlorpyriphos (2, 4, 6 ppm) on the profiles of antioxidant (catalase) and anaerobic (lactate dehydrogenase) enzymes and other macromolecular contents (DNA, RNA, protein) of various tissues of the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis were studied. Chlorpyriphos significantly decreased the specific activity of catalase (CAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the brain, liver, gill and skeletal muscle of the fish. The reduction in specific activity might be due to the binding of chlorpyriphos or its metabolites with the enzyme molecules or affecting the synthesis and/or degradation of the enzymes. Like enzymes, the DNA, RNA and protein contents decreased in the brain, liver, gill and skeletal muscle of the fish as a function of increase in chlorpyriphos concentrations (2-6 ppm). The chlorpyriphos-induced reduction in these biochemical constituents might be because of alteration in their turnover (synthesis/degradation) in different tissues. The maximum effects on CAT, LDH, DNA, RNA and protein were obtained in response to 6 ppm chlorpyriphos. The present findings suggest chlorpyriphos concentration related impairment in antioxidative, anaerobic and protein synthesizing capacity of the fish. Therefore, the use of higher concentrations of chlorpyriphos should be avoided to protect the health of economically important freshwater food fish.     

喀什地区近10a绿洲耕地变化及其地下水位效应分析

根据喀什地区绿洲耕地面积和地下水位实测数据,分析近10a来耕地面积和地下水的变化特征及其之间的关性。分析表明：1）近10a绿洲耕地面积呈现波动增加的态势,年均增长率3.40%,人均耕地面积经历从减少到增加的变化过程,年均递增1.14%;耕地空间变化区域差异明显,巴楚县耕地变化率最大,年均达11.49%,岳普湖县最低,为...